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1998年12月3日，平遥古城被联合国教科文组织评为”世界文化遗产录”。
平遥古城距山西省会太原90公里、太原国际机场80余公里，沿京晋高速公路和大（同）运（城）路驾车6个多小时即可达。平遥有我国保存最完整的古城墙，周长6163米、高10米，城内有3000余处古民居、22家清代票号，其中包括中国近代最早的金融机构“日升昌”票号以及无数建造于17至19世纪的商业店铺；位于县城西南的双林寺，被誉为“东方彩塑艺术的宝库”，还有国家重点文物保护单位镇国寺、金代文庙大成殿、唐代虚观等珍贵文物古迹。为保护这一世界遗产并进行申报工作，社会各方共投资了3个亿，使平遥古城内恢复了一派青砖灰瓦的明清民居景象，再加上集文化、艺术内涵于一体的处处古迹，平遥古城更显现出一派浓郁的东方文化情趣。
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联合国教科文组织委派的国际古迹遗址理事会专家，日本京都大学教授田中淡博士等在对平遥古城考察评估时高度评价说：“平遥古城是中国汉民族都市在明、清时期的杰出范例。平遥古城保存了其所有特征，而且在中国历史的发展中为人们展示了一幅非同寻常的文化、社会、经济及宗教发展的完整画卷，……．这座古城在世界上也有全部保护下来的价值。”像平遥这样一座完整的古城，不仅在中国，而且在世界上也是少有的、珍奇的。
现状：
近几年，地处中国内陆省分山西省的平遥县，引来世人愈来愈多关注的目光，这里保留着完整的中国明清时期的城池，分布在街巷的明清风格民居散发着古风古韵。一处处钱庄、票号、店铺，向人们诉说着这座城市昔日的繁荣、昌盛；古老的南大街则展示着晋商文化的底蕴。
平遥古城———中国明清时代城市的典范，1997年荣登联合国教科文组织《世界文化遗产》名录；1998年11月30日，山西省人大立法颁布《山西省平遥古城保护条例》，这是全国第一个针对历史文化名城保护的省级立法；几年来，国家从《名城保护专项资金中拨款6000余万元，省地拨款1000余万元用于平遥南大街历史街区的保护整治。
几年来，平遥县政府采取各种措施，用足政策，多方筹资对古城进行规划、保护、整治。自1997年以来，到平遥古城旅游的人，逐年递增。平遥古城，将重现昨日辉煌。
科学规划依法保护早在80年代中期，平遥县总体规划中就已确定了“保护古城，建设新区”的指导思想，并有效地保护了古城格局和历史风貌。但时过境迁，随着时代的进步和社会的发展，对平遥古城保护提出了更高的要求。显然，原规划已落伍了。为此，该县专程请来上海同济大学和山西省规划设计院的专家，对总体规划进行修编和调整。规划围绕全面保护古城风貌特色，从城市的性质、职能、规模、定位等方面进行了修订，以更加完整地保护好古城风貌，提高历史文化遗产的保护品位和规划水准。
《山西省平遥古城保护条例》的颁布施行，更加大了对古城保护的力度，使之有法可依。条例实施后，该县按照全面保护、突出重点的方针，对古城街区历史风貌实行分区、分级保护。自1999年以来，他们按照“修旧如旧，以存其真”的原则，采取维修和修复的整治措施，对22户1380平方米的古民居建筑依法审批和监督管理，遏制了大拆、大建和破坏性建设的发生。同时，他们还拆除了与古城风貌不协调的建筑物和构筑物，维护了古城风貌的协调统一。
全面保护突出重点平遥县的南大街是一条非常有名的古老街道，它大抵相当于北京的王府井。南大街位于古城中心，是平遥县城对称式格局的中轴线。这条街，现存有大量百年以上的“前店后寝”式的传统老字号和古民居建筑，具有浓厚的明清传统商业街风格，是平遥古城历史文化遗产的精华之一。但由于历史的欠账，一些建筑年久失修、残缺破败，不少店铺经多次拆改，已面目全非。民居院落中私搭乱建，凌乱不堪。此外，电话线、电力线及各种线缆在街市半空交错，加之街区路面摊铺的黑色沥青，确实有悖古风。
县领导意识到，这块已被列入世界文化遗产的土地是属于全人类的，不能愧对后人。由此，他们从南大街开始，进行“抢救第一，修旧如故”的维修整治。按照历史原貌，他们对每一院落、每间铺面乃至路面、管线等做出了详细的维修整治规划，按原有风貌施工，做到保护原结构、原构件、原工艺、原材料，以维护历史的原真性。
政府引导全民参与限于地方财力，该县出台了“政府引导，全民参与”的维修整治，对尚有居住功能和经营功能的临街铺面和院落的整修，实行“免二减八”（即两年免征房租税金、八年减半征收）的优惠倾斜政策，先后吸引了64户古玩商出资对68处400余间铺面和院落进行了原汁原味的维修。对电线、路面等基础设施改造，他们实行“部门投资、政府补贴”和政府直接投资等方法，如今空中密如珠网的电线不见了，黑色路面变成了石板路。基本复原了南大街明清时期的历史风貌。
平遥古城现有明清时期的民居院落近4000处，由于历史久远，除保存较为完整的400多处外，其余都有不同程度的损坏。对此，该县坚持“突出重点，分期实施”的方针和“一类维修，二类修复，修旧如旧，以存其真”的原则，开展维修整治。先后完成了雷履泰、王荩莛、王沛霖等百余间重点民居的维修整治工作。对名人名居，如日升昌票号创始人雷履泰故居中的居民，进行了整体搬迁。该县还加强对居民进行保护历史文化遗产的宣传教育，引导他们参与整治和开发。目前，已有6处属私房的重点民居院落按照原貌进行了修复。葫芦肚6号重点民居户主耿保国，自筹资金50万元，将全院46间共1300平方米的房屋建筑进行了维修，并开发创办了浑漆斋大院艺术馆。
为改善古城环境面貌，县政府带头从古县衙中迁出，其它机关、企事业单位如化纤厂、锦纶厂等也自筹资金，从老城迁往新区。
县衙署腾空后，该县采取股份合作等办法，筹集资金，加大修复整治力度，共修复县衙署、城隍庙、财神庙等古建三处。同时，他们还组织党政机关干部参加义务劳动，开挖、复原护城河2000米，逐步还古城以历史原貌。 |
| The ancient city of Pingyao, Shanxi province |
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Extracted from World Heritage Network of China in May 2001
Pingyou, the ancient city, was granted the name of "world cultural heritage dictionary" by UNESCO on Dec 3, 1998.
The distance from Pingyou to Taiyuan is 90kms. Pingyou is the capital of Shanxi province. It is 80-plus kms away from Taiyuan international airport. It will take you 6 or more drive hours to get there if you go along the Jingjin expressway and the Da (Datong) Yun (Yuncheng) expressway. In this ancient city, there is the most well reserved ancient city wall, which is 6163 meter in a circle and 10 meters high. In this city, there are 3000-plus ancient houses, 22 exchange shops in Qing dynasty including the "Ri Shengchang" Exchange shop, which is the first finance institution in the modern China, and numerous shops, which were set up in the 17 and 19 century; The Shuanglin temple in southwest of the county gained the name of "house of the colored sculpture in the orient". In addition, there are Zhenguo temple, which isthe historical and cultural relics under state, Dacheng palace built in Jin dynasty and Xu palace and so on. The social has invested 0.3billion yuan to protect these cultural heritages as well as to apply for the world heritage. Therefore, in Pingyou, the houses are built with black bricks and gray tiles, which make the city look like in the Ming and Qing dynasty. In addition to that, the historic sites integrated with culture and art give the city a strong taste of oriental culture.
Tianzhong, a professor of Jingdu university of Tokyo and one of the experts in the international historical sites council of UNESCO, highly appraised this city: "the ancient city-Pingyou is an outstanding example of Chinese capital in Ming and Qing dynasty. It saves all the characters in that period and can reflect the development in all aspects including culture, society, economy and religion in old times, … even in the world, it is worth being reserved." Not only in China but also in the world there are few cities, which can be reserved as perfect as Pingyou.
Status: in the recent years, Pingyou in Shanxi province has attracted more and more attentions from the world. Here there are well reserved cities built in Ming and Qing dynasty and the houses in the streets and alleys remind people of the old times.
From the numerous exchange shops, we can see its prosperity in old times;
the old South Street shows the culture in Jin and Shang dynasty.
The ancient city, Pingyou, is the mirror of cities in Ming and Qing dynasty.
In 1997, the city was included in the dictionary of "World Cultural Heritage"; and on Nov. 30, 1998, the legislation of Shanxi People's Congress issued the "rules of protections of the ancient city--Pingyou in Shanxi province", which is the first provincial legislation corresponding to the protection for historical and cultural famous cities; in the recent years, the State has allocated more than 60 million yuan from the special-purpose funds for purpose of protecting famous cities and Shanxi province has allocated more than 10 million yuan for protection and management of the historical street—South Street in Pingyou.
In the recent years, Pingyou government has taken various measures as well as made full use of policies and collected capitals from various sources to plan, protect and manage the old city. Since the year of 1997, the amount of visitors to Pingyou has increased year by year. The ancient city—Pingyou will show its luster as it was in old times.
The guiding idea of "protecting ancient city and building new area" has been set in the general plan of Pingyou county as early as in mid-80s resulting in the effective protection of layout and historical appearance of the ancient city. But as time goes by, the new requirements for protection of Pingyou County comes out. It is obvious that the old plan has been out-dated. Therefore, some experts from Shanghai Tongji University and Shanxi Planning Institute have been invited to revise and adjust the general plan. In order to protect the historical characters of the old city and promote the protecting level, the plan is revised in all aspects regarding the character, function, scale and orientation of the county.
The issuing and enforcing of "rules of protections of the ancient city—Pingyou in Shanxi province" has strengthened the protection of the ancient city. After the rules was put into practice, the county enforced the protection in different zones and levels according to the full protection policy. Since 1999, they have taken measures to repair the old buildings without removing its old appearance. They have monitored 22 households covering 1380 meters area and taken measures to stop destroying the houses built in the old times. In the meantime, they removed the buildings, which do not go well along with the ancient city.
The South Street is a key point in Pingyou County. It's importance to Pingyou as that of Wang Fujing to Beijing. The South Street is in the center of the ancient city. In this street, there are lots of traditional buildings, which have existed for over 100 years. But most of them have been out of repair for long time, so some of them have lost their former appearance. Moreover, the telephone lines, power lines and various kinds of lines have affected the ancientry in the county.
The county leaders have realized that this county belongs to human being. Thereby, they take lots of efforts to repair the old buildings and try to revive their old appearances.
Due to the fund deficiency, the government of the county calls for participation of the people into the reparations of the old buildings. As to the shops along the street, the government has taken preferential policies such as "two-free and 8-minus" policy (that is rent-tax-free for 2 years and half for 8 years). There have been 64 curio businessmen investing for the reparations of over 400 shops and yards in 68 different places. They also reallocated the lines and rebuilt the roads and the old appearance of this county comes back again.
In Pingyou, currently existing about 4000 houses built in Ming and Qing dynasty. Except the over 400 houses under good reservation, the other have been destroyed to different extend. Thereby, this county carries on the repairing process to revive their former appearance. They have repaired the houses of Lei Lvtai, Wang Jinting and Wang Peisen and so on. Moreover, they removed the residents in the former residence of Lei Lvtai, who was the founder of Ri Shengchang exchange shop. In addition, they have also paid more attention to the residents' education about protection of historical and cultural heritages, leading them to participate in the management and development process. At present, there have been key resident yards in 6 different places renovated.
Deng Baoguo, living in No.6 key house in Hu Ludu collected 0.5 million yuan by himself, repairing 46 rooms covering an area of 1300 square meters and established the Hun Qimo art house.
In order to improve the environment in the ancient city, the county government took the lead to move out of the old yamen and some other institutions such as chemical fiber factory, polyamide fiber factory and so on also moved out of the old city to new region.
After the yamen was empty, the government took measures such as stock cooperation to collect money renovating the old buildings. In the meantime, they also organized the cabers in Party and government organizations to participate in the voluntary labor recovering the moat with a length of 2000m, giving the old city its former appearance. |
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